Why do scientists think "fingerprint" island used to be vineyard ?

The mediterrranean island of spin along a was once used to isolate lepers from the mainland rose believes fingerprint island may have been build for a similar purpose you get a very similar layout it's asymmetrical they're these tiny little compounds layrinth theme layout it's meant to keep people in but as ROS closes  in on fingerprint  island all is not as it seems from the satellite image but is this that's it these aren't dwellings i mean there's a couple little structures there but they look like temporary places with shade so i think we can throw the lepercolony out the window i really need to get a look at the place up close ROS head straight to the nearest section of crumbling wall if you look at the wall it doesn't have any mortar it's all dry stone it hasn't been locked into place they're just kind of lumping gaint rock on top of each other it's a vital clue  to the island's purpose island infact is full of these long strips these are agricultural fields these are not dwellings these dry stone walls are not weight -bearing they're not used for structural purpose but rather their primary purpose is to clear the ground of debris once the ground has been cleared in this way it's ready for growing crops but agriculture requires water and satellite image shows no evidence of streams or lakes Rose searches for clues and soon makes a discovery yes eureka it's well than how it all makes sense this is why they're here on the island because there's fresh water there's source of fresh water here the next step is to figureout  what the farmers were growing on this island and whether they left any clues in the soil yep and this pretty much answer the question what were they growing here this is an old grapevine thr lsbyrinth seen from space is a weired vineyard dating back hundred of years it's an interesting choice to put a vineyard on an island probably one of the most remote and bizarre vineyard ever this soil romanian there's source of fresh water here is perfect for growing gruper

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What makes compass go haywire in the bermuda triangle

Tom ruza is a marine archaeologist and custodian of bermudez hundreds of wrecks the paradox of bermuda is  that you've got this amazing civilized stunning beutiful island and yet surrounded by over 300 shipwrecks while inspecting the sun ken vessels rouge irregularly experience a strange and dangerous phenomenon all his compass malfunction this is the place where when we go divine we have to be really careful in this particular can not rely on our instruments at all this is a place where depending on certain

waves infact we're right over one of them now this are in particular our compass will all show different reading and this is not the only spot that this happens i can totally relate to the experience  of looking down at your instrument and going that's does not fell right and that one's not even showing the same as that one so what is causing these weired compass reading the island of burmuda is all that remains of a gaint underwater valcono it's violet valcanic past could be the key unlocking the mystery this is the remnant of the valcano this is the basalt that's formed from the colling of the magma it contains a very high content of iron that gives it really unusal magnetic properties that influence ships compass valcanic material have been detected two hundred miles from the island could this be resposible for the bermuda triangle compass powers minerals prospector gagan hutchings studid the area what we have a 500 foot a thick layer that's between 18 and 20 percent magnetite occuring substance on earth where is about 500 billion tongues around bermuda so it's not inconceivable so think that much magnetite could effect the compasses of ships and possibly even airplanes that are travelling through or near burmuda the magnetite alters hutching compass direction by 10 degree an accurate compass is essential for navigating over large bodies of water with no landmarks so this shift could mean the difference between a safe return and death but these powerful magnetic force be responsible for the many disappearances in the triangle

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Ending the HIV epidemic

             Ending the HIV epidemic
We've come a long way in treating hiv 21 million people arround the world now recieve antiretroviral therapies that can reduce the amount of virus in the body to almost zero and campared to early hiv treatments today's  medicins are safer and more effective and more convient  helping people live longer healtheir  lives but there is still much work to be donebwith 2 million now infection each year additional prevention option are needed reserches also continually strive to look for future break through to improve the life time treatment and care for diverse population living hiv arround the world but thr ultimate  goal is to find a cure hiv is difficult to eliminate because it can hide silently in long lived immune system cells if a patient stops their hiv treatment the virus will re-emerge from these reserviors and start to multiply current reserch is investigation how we could help to kich hiv out of its silent state exposing the cells that harbor hiv to thr body's immune system or to therpies designed to kill infected cells these type of strategies would work in conjunction with conventional anti retrovirals to reduce the amount of virus in the body even further this may reduce the amount of hiv in the reserviors allowing people living with hiv to stop conventional treatment without the virus reemerging bringing us one step closer to a cure
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If aliens exist ,do they know we are here

If intelligent aliens exist are they looking for us what might they find well they'are  actually here  already any aliens trying to figure out what's happening on earth will have to deal with two big problems the first is the speed of light that's what determines how big of an area signals from earth currently covers so for example we've been transmitting radiowaves fpr around a hundred years which means our radio sphere has a radius of roughly too light years and we've been transmitting 📺 signals for arround 60 years so our tv sphere is little sillilar a light year is a huge distance, so our electromagnetic  big but,it's only 300 thousandth of 1% of the volume of our galaxy so unless aliens live on our galactic doorstep there's just no way for them to have received our signal  but our galactic doorstep  is actually pretty big there are thousands of stars close enough to have theoretically picked up radio

transmission from us and so for we found around 14 that have small probably rocky planets orbiting in the habitable zones of their starswhich means life well may be actually it only means they might be capable of supporting carbon and water-based life like our but in any case the closet potentially habitable planet that we know about is only arround 13 light years away which means if there are intelligent aliens there and they figured how to detect our broadcasts and they are currently enjoying and hit music and tv of 2002 but probablity not that's a hit  where the second problem comes in anything broadcast spreads out as'it gets further from earth that means a signal starting here measured in watts will be roughly a trillion times weaker  by the time it gets to the moon by the time it reaches even the nearest potentially habitable planet hard to distinguish from noise there are other ways aliens might know about us though they might construct a huge optical lens in space or even use a black hole or some other really massive objects as a gravitational lens or they might just do what we do look at a whole bunch of stars and try to catch them darkening as little planets like our pass infront  what would not tell them there's at planets orbiting in the habitable zone of our star which is to say if aliens do exist preety safe they know as much about us as we know about them

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Motion and kinematics

Motion, Speed, Kinematics, Dynamics, Acceleration, Laws of motion, Scalars, Vectors, Representation of vectors, Vector addition Scalar triple products, Vector product, Force, Friction, Collision, Work, Power energy, Types of energy, Potential energy Rest and Motion : A body is said to be at called distance traversed by the body. It isa rst if it does not change its position with scalar quantity whose S I. unit is metre respect to its surroundings with time The directional distance between initial and final position of the body is called displacement its position with respect to its surroundings It is a vector quantity whose S.I. unit is metre. Speed : The rate of change of distance travelled by a body is called speed. It is scalar A body is said to be in motion if it changes with time KINEMATICS quantity whose unit is metre/sec The most common and easily observable change that occurs in nature is motion. The branch of physics which deals with the study ofAS is the distance traversed by the body in motion is called mechanics. Its two aspects are time AT Kinematics and Dynamics. Kinematics deals with the study of motion without considering the body at given instant is called instantaneous factors which are responsible for it, whereas dynamics deals with the study of motionInstantaneous speed - LimA taking into consideration the factors causing it Motion can be classified as: Average speed Total distance aS Total time AT Instantaneous Speed : The speed of a Speed. Thus Instantaneous speed Lim Velocity : The rate of change of displace- 1. Rectinear or translatory motion : A mo ment of the body is called the velocity. It is a Total time 2. particle rctates about a fixed axis. onal motion : A motion where a Average velocity Total displacement As where As is the displacement of body in t 

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The flu virus and it have a sex

The flu virus has a lot of sex influenza is microscopic little package almost it looks  kind of like a ball the virus has two major surface proteins that sticks out like spikes they look in the sense like like lollipops and these are sort of the business end of the virus one protein called hemagglutinn it allows the virus to get in the cell it wants to infect and the other protein called neuraminidase has the opposite

• effect it allows that virus to escape as newlife made viruses there are different sub type  of influenza and they are named by the two surface protein hemagglutinin and neuraminidase we tent'to shorten that to just H and in each of those proteins has its own varying  it one two three four and so on so you can have an H1N1 flu virus or at age two and two so influenza is not one virus but really a whole group of viruses and they come in wide variety of flavors there are the thousands and thousands of different influenza strains but what make it particularly crazy is that influenza virus has a lot of sex if two different viruses infact one cell at the same time you can create a new mixed and matched virus and then it computate and recombined with other flu so the possibilites are virtually endless

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How chemistry started life on earth

Every living thing came from another living thing but about 4 billion years ago there was no life on earth just chemistry so how do a bunch of dead chemicals come togather to make something that's alive well a living cell is basically just a big filled with water and a few more complex molecules some molecules like enzymes extract energy from the environment and help build stuff the cell needs and other like DNA and RNA store information and transmit it to tell a cell what to do on their own none of these molecules is really alive but togather they are and what keep them togather is the bag a cellular membrane without it all those molecules would just drift a part stop reacting and  be distroyed so far life to arise from a bunch of non-living  chemistry  you need bags floating around randomly collecting all sort of molecules and most of the time this will just give you junk but sometime a bag will end up with molecules that react with each other and some of those reaction will be able to sustain themselves and some of those reactions will give off useful stuff like stuff that allows a man brave to grow when it gets big enough its may break a part and take some of those reacting molecules with it repeat this process for hundreds of millions of years and eventually you have something what starts to look a lot like life

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Four discoveries that would change the world

In the future will beleive things that today seem kinds of crazy kind of like how it was once crazy to think the earth orbits the sun or that humans evolved from apes here are four big ideas that right now seem kind of far -fetched but in the future might be no big deal the universe contain all that is was or will be but  what if that's not actually every think like may be space  is so big that partsvof it are completely isolated from everything elseor may be every quantum interaction really does spilt really with each branch evolving a universe of its own we may well detect those other universe someday and then we'd know for sure not only we not the centre of everything neither is our universe what if you are not really you every decision you think you make is really just the result of crazy complicated but completely predictable chemical reaction in your brain it's an old question for some but as we learn more and more about how the brain works we find less and less room for free wall what with a world without free will be like i'll be enough probably not that different than how things are now but we would be the same the only scientists being on  earth but if that's not true we're already starting recognize that chimpanzes have at least some human right what if someday we discover or just decide that all kinds of animals are just as concious as we are and that we have not really been treating them all that well would that mean me really is murder and finally our brain have given us a huge advantage for the lost hundred thousand years or sonbut that's nothing compose to the billion of years that life has existed on earth in terms of evolution the only thing that matters is the ability to survive and reproduce and our intelligence has allowed us to do that pretty well so far but what if being smart is not so smart like we can invent our way out of just about any mass but we  are also great at inventing our way into new masses and some of those can be preety bad even catastropic what if the really long run it is better to be simple dumb and just really good atvreproducing of course we cannot proven any of this for now but the biggest ideas  always start with a simple question what if

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Why space is an illusion

Space may seem like a simple idea some things are here some things are there and there's a distance between them that's we don't really think of space as a thingit's just the backdrop in which everything else happens but exactly separates here from there we've known since einstein that the distance between two objects depends on who you ask as an observer moving at close to the speed of light and one standing still will disagree about how far a part two points in space are as you get closer to the speed and there get closer to becoming just the sameplace but it gets weirder einstein also showed that mass and energy bend space and time and that's what we experience as gravity in this view space and time sort of rest on top of the gravitational fields created by the masd and energy in the universe problems in this happy arrangement breaks down when you try to apply it at really small scales where quantum effects take hold crazy as it sounds we don't actually have a concept of space that's been proven to work for both galaxies and quarks but there are some theories one idea called loop quantum gravity views space and time as lumpy the result of a vast network of knots braids and twists that carry information one kink in the network might correspond to say an electron while a different one a few links away might be a quark the connessctedess of the network  determine how when and where particles ineract giving rise to what we precive as space and time a different thoery called causal sets views space at  time as just a vast collection of instance rather than being a random jumble these individual events are linked by causality if you take them as a whole idea of space and time emerges sort of like how the concept of temprature emerges from the motion of many particles acting togather these are not the only theories thatmight explain what space is where it comes from and we don't know which if any of them is right but they all point to a common end space is not a fundamental part of reality it arises from something else something to pondor next time you are trying to get from here to there

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Why the quantum world is so strange

Reality can be strange especially at the scales but causes it to be that way physicists used to pin it on quantum entanglement but there may be deeper source quantum discord when two photons are entangled they share a sort of information link each has information about the other and when that information change like when one of the photons is measured that new information is reflected in the other photon almost instaneously any noise coming in form the outside removes information from the connection untill there's not enough left to maintain the link but it turns out that entanglement is only one kind of connection that particles in the quantum world can have quantum discord another if entanglement is a perfect link discord is a less than perfect link it does not carry as much information but still lets quantum particles interact in ways that classical particle can not the more discord a system has the stronger its quantum behaviour while a system with no discord behaves classically with no quantum effects so the amount of discord is what determines the quantumness of a system  and when two particles are linked by discord it becomes possible to change one by manipulating the other this means discord might be useful for things like quantum computers which now relied on delicate entanglement to work quantum discord is more fundamental than entanglement and scientists are only beginning to understand exactly how it gives rise to all the strangeness the quantum world but one thing seems clear discord is more just a way to link quantum particle it's one of the rule that govern the most basic levels of reality

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Space infinite

We all know that space is big but how big is the easy answer is to just say hey it's infinte it's not like there's some wall at the end of the universe that you cannot pass through but we don't know if the universe really does go on forever and even if it did that might

not mean it was truly infinite what if it's like the surfaceof the earth you can go around the globe forever and never find the edge if the universe is like the surface of the earth but may be in three dimensions instead of two it wouldn't have an edge but it also wouldn't be infinite or would it in math you can think about infinity as just adding one to whatever biggest number someone can come up with but you also find infinity between any two numbers just keep dividing the distance in half every time you do you find a new number and there's no reason you'd ever have to stop if you think about 3d space this means that no matter how close togather two locations might be you can always find another point between them so even if the universe has a fixed size it might still contain an infinity of locations but that's math and math doesn't always match up with physical reality in the physical world can you really keep dividing and dividing space as long as you like yes and no you're to keep dividing down form meters to centimeterto millimeter to a nanometer to atom meter but once you get down to lenth of around 10 to the negative thirty fifty meters you start to run into problems according to some thoeries when you get down to this scale the uncertainity principle that makes it impossible to tell whether a particle here or there and if there is no way to tell the difference between one locationand another they might be the same place which means that as far as  we know 10 to the negative thirty fifth meters is the smallest possible length there is so the universe may or may not be infinite in length and it probably can't hold things that are infinitely small so what does that mean for the question of how big space really is well we can go on what we do know the observable universe is a sphere with a radius of around 406.5 billion light years that's rough 10 to the 26 th meters which is like 10 to the 60 first of the smallest possible lengths but that's just the radius if you want to make sure to count all of space you have to take thr volume which is arround ten 10 the one hundred and eightieth small as possible oops that's 1 with 180 zero is following it and you can think of it as counting every single unique place in the universe so how big is that let's say it takes you a minute togather a thousand of those smallest possible cubes to make a new layer cune then another minute to take a thousand of these new cubes and make an even large one using this process it would make you hour to build a cube the size of the observable universe and is mind -boggling huge as that is it's probably only the smallest that the universe can be

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Dead

When exactly are you dead back in the day people had all kinds of tricks to see if a person who looked dead actually was in ancient greece you might have a finger out offf before they cremated you or if you were or still are the pope a specially appointed man will say your name three times and strike you on the forehead with a silver hammer you know just to be sure but now we have science so you think there'd be a better way to know if a person is in dead or not well kinda turns out people don't have an easily indentifiable off swich you could say it's when the heart stops but doctors restarts heart all the time you would say it's when you can no longer

breathe but people can live for a long time with an artifical respiration you could say it's when the brain functioning but what part of the brain do you mean the neocortex is the part that has thoughtsand felling the part that makes you you and it can live on after the brainstem the part that controls minor things like breathing dies and the brainstem can live on and keep the body a live without the neocortex medically speaking braindeath  is death even if your heart is still beating and by brain death doctors mean total brain death which they diagonosed by seeing if your respond to pain checking for brain stem reflexes like dilating pupils or gagging and finally disconnecting you form machines and seeing if rising carbon diaoxide levels in your blood kick start your brain into gear if after doing all this they determine you are infact dead they very well might hook you back up to machines to keep your body alive wait what well there's one way to know for sure person is dead putrefaction that's when the body's cells start to die off and you start to look like something form an early bosmetal album but many people owe their lives to organ transplants and with a few exceptions and those organs come form dead people and if you walt  too long after death and future fashion sets in those transplanted organs don't work so well so if you've opted to be an organ donor or doctor may infact keep your body alive after your brain is dead or that they can harvest your organs and if that sounds kind of creepy well o key it is but it's also modern medicine and saves tons of lives so if you happen to die in a way that makes organ donation possible you can take comfort because if there's one thing we do know about death it's what you won't really be around to care now will you

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Friends

Humans aren't the only animal to make friends infact elephants whales hyenas horses and vicunas all form

strong and during social bonds that aren't directly related to mating in other words they make friends but that seems weired because tons of animals live in groups or herds but relatively few make friends why is that well living in large groups isn't easy the more individuals in the group the more likely it is that conflict will pop up so smart animals form alliances for protection from other groups and for help with things like finding food or taking care of the kids and this leads to a sort of layered animal society so an individual might have a few close friends that they spend most of their time with a bunch of acquaintances that might help out to find food in an even larger circle that really come

togather when there's a true danger to the whole group studies of animals societies in the wild have found that each layer tend to be about three times as large as the previous world in keeping track of all these different relationship isn't simple you have to know how your actions will effect others in the group and that takes 
A big brain it also takes a lot of time to maintain those relationship and in the while that time is usually spend grooming grooming release endorphins which help an individual fell relaxed and trusting of the company they're in nature the more time two individuals spend grooming each other the stronger their bonds tends to be but there's only so much time in the day and that plus brain size puts a limit on how many friends an individuals can have this is known as dunbur's number all and it's way to predict how big a natural group of animals will be for chimps it's about 50 for humans it's more like a hundred and fifty but humans don't have more time in a day than chimps so how can we have more friends well we've invented ways to groom more than one person at a time like jokes

songsand dancing even rituals these things give a lot of the some benefits as grooming but worm at larger scales allowing us to form more complex and layered societies so friendship helps human and other animal societies stick togather but there's also real benefits for individualsas well reserch shows that males with friends tend to out compete males without friends food and mates and females with the strongest friendships have higher infant survival rates and live longer so friendship is great but it takes a lot of time and intelligence which helps explain why in nature leasts good friends really are hard to find

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Time machine

You might  think time-travel is just a science fictions but as far ascthe laws of physics go it's totally possible  however does not mean easy it may take a few thousand years to sort out the detials but in thoery at least  we already know how to build a time machine einstein's theory of gernal relativity says that time moves more slowly in stronger gravity so if you could something link two regions of space where gravity is different you

could travel back and forth between them to move forward or backward through time no where is gravity stronger than in vicnity of black hole so if you can hang out near as black hole time for you would move

more slowly than on earth which means in the time it takes you to have a cup of coffe empire could rise and fall at home but for this to work you to some how get from earth to the black hole instaneously recent news not with standing nothing can travel faster than light but there may be away around that gernal  relativity allows the existence of shortcuts through space time called warm holes which could allow travel to the future and the past say you set up a warm hole so that both ends start in 2011 after a year on earth only a few minute will have passed near the black hole  if you then drag the slower end back to earth time will flow at the a normal rate but will be offset by a year so you can go back in time but only as far back is when the time machine was  first build of course it's not like you can just  make a warm hole  wherever  you want you have to start with an existing one the good news is that warm holes may be popping  into and out of existence at the subatomic scale all the time they don't last very long through you need someway to pop them open and for that you need something with negative gravity as far as we know gravity caused by normal matter is always attractive but the universe may be full of stuff that works opposite to normal matter namely dark energy the energy that drives the on going expansion of the universe so yeah just find a black hole a warm hole that connects to it and prop open the tunnel so you can travel back and forth through time and space needless to say all this cosmic engineering doesno't come cheap propping open a warm hole wide enough for a human to pass through would take the enough output of thousanfs of stars it's a bit much for any immediately  foreseeable human civilzation but that's not really the point in thoery at least it's possible this of course raises all sorts of question like the grand father  paradox say you build a time machine and it lasts for gerneration and one of your grand children comes back and kills you how would that work if you were killed before your grandsons father your son was conceived and how can you  be around to come back and kill you some physicists think the many world

interpretation of quantum mechanics might resolve the issue perhaps it's your actual grand son rather some one form a slight different universe problem  solved and other say that there may be some  undiscovered law of physics that bars certain kind of time trav whatever the cause as it stands now while time travel may be physically possible it's definitely unfeasible but give it a few thousand years we can't know what the future holds at  least for now

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Thought meaning

Whatever you do don't think about a white bear think about anything else a nice tropical beach your first kiss doughnuts just don't think about ah okay fine it's not that easy we love our brains but we're actually not that great at controlling our thoughts why is that well it would help if we actually knew what a thought was really these are only two possibilites are either part of the material world like may be patterns of electricity generated by the neurons in our brain or they're not part of the material worlf like there's some cosmic consciousness that spans the universe but that is completely undetected by science yeah let's go with option one we know our brains are made of neurons and that those neurons exchange electricity signals with each other anywhere from twenty to a thousand times a second and with arround 100  billion neurons human brain that's a lot of activity but most of it never arises to the surface to become concious thought a lot of  that subconcious activity is just the brain making sense of the various inputs it gets from the world this is just raw preception like the automatic light that swiches on when you walk into a room but how is preception different

thought well for one we can think about things that are  not immediatly in fornt of us like that sandwhich you had for lunch an hour ago but we can also think about things that we can't actually see directly like the event horizon of a black hole or  the interenet and we can even think about things that can't really exists at all like a perfect circle so somehow tboughts originate and stick arround in our brains but how well the short answer is we don't know but we do have ideas like reserches studying the brains of awake monkeys have foubd groups of nrurons hot fire togather to form coordinated complex pattern of electricity when these patterns get strong enough the brain spawns preaise copies of them in different areas these copies can go to set off avalanches of further brain activity but are they thought well the pattern are complex and repeatable do they may be away  for the brain to store and transmitted information but it's too early to tell of they actually or something else entirely in any we because thoughts arise from brain activity is subconcious it make sense that we only have limited control over what we think about and it gets doubly hard  when we are told not to think about some part of the brain has to keep track of whatever it is we are not supposedvto be thinking if only to make sure we don't  think about it and just like it's nearly impossible to not think about something over you've been told not to think about it there may be all kinds of thoughts that we simply can not think at all so may be that's  why some of the mysteries of the universe  are still beyond our minds grass for now at least we can blame it on the brain

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What's inside the quantum box?

Let's say you live in the quantum world and you ask your buddy to get you a mystery meal from the new burger joint around the block when he gets back you won't be able to say for sure what's inside the box until you open it the best you can do is to consider the probabilites to do that physicists use what's called a wave function but the wave function itself is it actually a set of probabilites infact no one knows for sure what a wave function really is just that it works is itjust a bit ofmath or is itanactual thing like the magnetic field invisible but very real those in the math camp say that the wave function is just a way to predict what will happen if you run an experiment a bunch of time so if your buddy brought you a hundred mystery meals 40 of them would be burger 30 of them hot dogs and 30 would be tacos each individual meal contents is actually fixed it's just that you don't know what the fine folks at quantum burger happened to put in the box that day but those who think that the wave function is real would say the box actually contains some kind of unholy taco dog burger thing by looking in the box your measurement forcesit to settle  into a single delicious lunch item in this view the wave function is actually baked right into the mystery meal itself somehow controlling what you'll have for lunch untill now the debate has been completely philosophical  the math is the same either way but a group of physicists now think there may be a way to tell the difference they 've shown that if the wave function is purely mathematical and it could lead to predictions that don't match up with what normal quantum thoery says no one has verified this with an experiment yet but if the wave function turns out to be real we might have to take some strange notions seriouly like the many worlds idea which says that each time you open that nystery meal all three out comes actually happen it's just that you only get to see one of them because the other happen tp different use in different universe but similarly strange things have turned out to be true the magneticfield quantum tunneling teleportation all of these things were hard to bekeive until experiments show they were real so if the taco doh burger turns out to be an actual thing it might seem crazy but at least we'll have taken the mystery 

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End of the world

So yeah you may think the climate is screwed and it kind of is but we can fix it how for the last 250 years we've gotten really good at turning coal oil and gas into i phone heart surgery and all the other nice things in modern civilzation but coal oil and gas released a lot of carbon into the atmosphere and all that carbon has warmed our planets about one degree celsius so far and the more we add the warmer it's going to get in the simplest terms modern civilization is basically a 17 tera watt light bulb plugged into a coal power plant but not everyone on earth is plugged in  yet and as the billions of people in places like india and china start to use as much energy as the us and europe we're going to have to replace that light bulb with one that runs it something more like 30 to 50 terawatts so not only  do we need to find a way to gernate electricity without putting more carbon in the air that source also has to offer atleast twice as much energy as we use today imagine if you willl that scientists discover magical glowing ball hovering near us in space that transmits free energy to earth at the speed of light oh wait  sorry that already exists but is the sun enough well the sun is basically a tooo trillion terawatts hydrogen powered fusion  reactor and if we could some how surround it with solar panels and capture all of its energy at even just ten percent efficiency we could power civilization a trillion times the size of our own and yeah that might be an interesting long -term goal but it doesn't really help our current situation does it so more relistically of the 100 trillion terawatts only about 90,000 make it to earth surface and with our currently an available technology if we really really wanted to we could only capture about one sixth
Of that  but one sixth of 90,000 is 15,000 terawatts that's enough to power is thousand current human civilzation or just power the one we have well into the future using a tiny fraction of what of what the sun provides so why don't we do that well it's not like i can just plug into the sun it only shines on half the planet at a time and we're not great at storing electricity for the other half  plus even after you solve these problems the tecnology is just expensive but what is expensive really mean fossil fuels seem cheap but we're only paying half the bill the rest is basically a loan from the climate so depending on wheather we want to pay now or later there's whole range of possible ways forward on one end  of the solar system we make emitting carbon  expensive which makes it more affordable to build out our sweet solar infrastructure but also means we'll need to live in how about houses needed by our own flatulence spend out free time holding hands and making awesome open sweaters for our palms on the other end of the scale we keep carbon cheap turn all the fossil fuels and live in fortresses until we upload our minds to facebook and learn a rabot figure out how to clean up the mess i mean i guess it could also be something in between those two extremes but the point is if we want to fix the climate we just have to get better at turning sunlight into civilzation

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What is mass

Coincidence happens everyday and most of the time it's just an accident but sometimes it's sign of something deeper going on in the world so it's a bit unsettling that there's a huge councidence lurking at the heart of one of the most fundamental concepts we know you may know mass is the thing that causes gravity the more mass of an object the stronger gravitational field it creates but mass is also key to understanding how things move at all it's what gives something inertia these are two completely different ways to look at mass but in experiments they always seem to give the same number the things is we don't know why it would be really weired if these two unrelated concepts just happen to always agree so may be they're not's so unrelated that's what einstein thought to come up with the thoery of gernal relativity he said that inertia is real but gravity is an illusion so the two types of mass are really just the same fundamental thing this work of gravity is no longer a force but rather just what happens when something moves through warped space and time so say you're in a spaceship approaching a massive planet you may fell like you're accelerating but according to einstein you're actually moving normally it's just that the space you're passing through gets more and more compacted thr closer you get the planet so your slupcover greater distances in the same amount of time as far as thoeries go gernal relativity is hard to beat it's been confirmed by tons of experiments but then again so is quantum mechanics and when you get down to the level of individual particle these two theories don't agree that means we may need to bring back the idea that gravity is an actual force and just like electricforce is determined by positive (+)or negative(-) electric charges this new view of gravity would need a gravitational charge in otherword mass so we're kind of back us interia and another gives us gravity and they still just happen to always be the same number now we might be able to sort this out by finding an experiment where gravity and interia don't agree that would mean the coincidence was just an accident that explain why these two masses always have to be the same either way if we want to truly understand and why the universe works the way it does this cosmic coincidence has to 

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your mind can heal our body
Everyone 's heard the old line thatvwe only use 10% of our brain if we would only unlock other 90% we allsuddenly be super beings running around bending spoons embracing the true universal conciousness thisbof course is nonsensw but science suggests that with a little efforts we can unlock at least one mental super power the healing power of the mind you don't have to be a happie to beleive the mind can have a big effect on the body the mind arises naturally from the brain which just like any other body part has evolved be adapted to our environmentbone way to look at it is that the brains job is nonsense our surroundings and the minds jobs is to sort it all and tell the body how to respond look at stress if our mind beleives we're  in danger the brain starts a whole chain of physical reactions like releasing adrenaline the cortisol and spending up our heart rate this is helpfulll for short term fight or fight but long tern stress is bad news reserch shows that chronically stressed people get sick more often and die younger but  changing your health could be as simple as just switching your mindset take the placebo effect to find out if a drug actually works reserchers usually give some fraction of patients a sugar pill and tell them it will help with their condition  the thing is a lot of the time it does work for everything from depression to arthrities one study showed that even if people knew the pill was just sugar if the reserches explained how it was supposed to help the subjects notice an improvement for those not into sugar pills having a satisfying social life can also have postive health effects studies have shown that people with good relationships with others sleep better age more more slowly and respond better to vaccinr but it's not like you have to go out and get a million friends studies have shown that  a person's gernal attitude towards others warm or paranoid may be the key but for the loness out meditation might be a better idea one nine year study showed that regular transcendental meditation cut participants risk of heart disease and stroke in half another study found  that meditation may even slow down again at the biochemical level  if you find meditation too boring you could always try hypnotizing yourself hypnosis has a less an extensive scientific track record but what data there are suggests that putting patients into highly rare and suggestible states may allow them to dircetly influence their uncious mind and in turn their health you may not  have to bother with any of that though as cliche as it sounds just thinking positively can make you healthier studies have shown that optimists recover better form medical procedures have stronger immune system and gernerally live longer and finally believing  your belief in region for example has been associated  with lower rates of heart disease and cancer but other studies have found similar effects in people who find purpose in other ways it may be that finding a sense of purpose helps us to fell in control  of our lives and not so stressed out all the time all in all this just geos to show that thoughts and beliefs have a bigger impact  on our physical health and we might think so it pays to mind your thoughts that could just save your life

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How to create perfect silence

How to create perfect silence

Let's say you want to make a completely noiseless rule and not just noiseless like there's no sound but no vibrations no light or wifi or radio signals nothing so to get rid of sound you suck out all of the air from the room with no air molecules there's no way for sound to travel but sound and vibrations can come through the ground too soo you havr isolate the room from the outside world may be suspending it just above the ground and to keep out light radiowaves or cell phone interference you lie in the room with metal which makes it impossible for electromagnetic radiation to get in so now you have a perfect noiseless environment right nope even if you could make a perfect vaccum  empty space is not really empty heisenberg's uncertainity principle allows us for things like photons and particle to spontaneously appear and disappear and even though quantum fluctations don't last very long they're  as random as it gets here are noise and if you had super sensitive equipment you detect them this quantum noise is a fundamental part of reality itself so you might think it's impossible to get rid of but there is a way sort of imagine a flash light that instead of emitting light shoots out a kind of negative light that distorys photons in its path it sounds crazy but there actually in such a device how's it work well the uncertainity principle always involves at least two quanties so for example you can know a particles postion with great certainly as long as  you have a lot of uncertainty about it's momentum by using squeezed light you can decrease the probablity of finding quantum noise at high frequencies  by increasing  the probablity of finding it at low frequencies so you can't really eliminate quantum noise altogather but you can shift it form one frequency  range to another which depending on what you want to do might be enough to let you finally enjoy a little true peace and quiet 

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What is reality

What is reality
Unless your way into things like auras where's kind of only two ways to think about what reality is the first view says reality is everything that would still be here if there was no one around to experience it but the problem with that is that as far as we know we humans actually do exist and a lot of the things that we can all agree are real like language or war or conciousness would not exist without us so the second view says that reality is whatever is most fundamental in the universe in the view of you want to know why the stuff arround us behave  the way it does you have to look beneath the surface to see that everything is made of molecules but if you want to know why molecules do what they do you have to realize that they're just cluster of atoms and atoms or groups of protons  neutrons and electrons which in turn are made of quarks and leptons are really just made of fields or strings or something intract no one's reality found a smallest chunk of the universe yet but  we continue down this path if we think of particles as fluctuations that occupy a bit of space for a bit of time in other words the particle are not really what's fundamentalit's the space time thoery sit in and what is space time it's a set of coordinates three for space one for time and coordinates are just a way to talk about numbers so what is a number does it really exist somewhere yeah kind of it 's concept in our minds but it's not just like any old concept numbers are the same for everyone everywhere three to you which is the same as three to the queen of enand so by  this line of reasoning the most fundamental thing that exists and it forms a basis for everything else in math but that's  weird if math is really the ultimate reality then how would you explain something really complicated like conciousness you might start by saying conciousness is what human brains do and to understand  brains you have to look at neutrons whicg are cells and behave according to the laws of biology but biology is just complicatedvchemistry in chemistry is just complicated physics which us we saw is ultimately math but we just said that math is a set of ideas that exist only in our mind so that means somehow we are back where we started to explain conciousness we had to rely on conciousness that may seem crazy but it's not the craziest part it turns out we construct all mathematics from the concept of an empty set better known as nothing that means that if math is whatever is mosy fundamental in the universe then reality is ultimately based on nothing which is to say that nothing is what is real 

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How did the universe arise from nothing

How did the universe arise from nothing

The known universe is about 93 billion light year in diameter and is filled with 10 to the 54th  kilogram of stuff and yet phycists say the whole thing same out of nothingness during a single BIG BANG  nearly 14 billion years ago how this happen is perhaps the most fundamental question that science can tackle how exactly do you get something from nothing it all starts with entropy which is just a fancy way to talk about disorder nothing is as disorderedar well nothing you can mix it up scramble it rearrange it all you want and you still have nothing something on otherhand is ordererly you can't scramble up an atom and still have an atoms so nothing has higer entropy something an entropy on the whole never decrease so it seems impossible that nothing could ever turn into something but there may be a loophole one form of heisenberg's uncertaity principle says that a system can't ever have precisely zero energy and because energy and mass are one of the same this means that nothingness is not quite as empty as you might think if you some how removed everything from the universe you'd still find particles popping in and out of existance caused by nothing but the fundamental randomness inherent in quantum mechanics but how do you  get from random particles here and there to an entire universe spontaneously forming out of nothing and lasting for billions of years the other half uncertainly principle says that physical objects can trade timr for energy and vice versa for instance something can pop into existence with a lot of energy if it only lasts a short time or it can last a long time if it has every little energy and physicists now beleive universe has a close to zero total energy as you can get why gravity is the only force that always attracts and that counter intuitiveley means it has negative energy counteracts the postitive energy of the expanding universe with it's total energy near zero uncertainity allows the universe to exist for potentially a very long time but it doesn't explain how it grew from a tiny quantum sprout to be so mind -bendingly huge for that you need inflation which cosmologists think drove the early expansion of the universe observations of distant galaxies and cosmic background radiation suggest inflation was real but what caused it is still a mystery in the end regardless of how the universe got to be so big the laws of physics suggest that all of its energyband all that stuff may add up to zero so taken as a whole the universe is justba strange  form of nothing seen this way the question of how you get from nothing to something does not make any sense  something and nothing may well be the same thing

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What if humans had never existed?

What if humans had never existed?
If humans never existed would be any different today like if we could go back a hundred thousand years and just sort of erase the first homospiens and then replay the time untill now what would happen will to start there'd be no cities no roads no great wall of china the night sky would be a lot darker a billion cars one point four billion comes 19 billion chickens gone forests would strech on and an oceans would be full of fish and whales and the dodo would not the extinct in fact there'd probably be man moths giants ground sloths and big predatory cats just walking around not to mention huge herds of bison and flocks of passenger pigeons that take days to pass and what about the climate no humans means no industrial revolution no tons and tons of carbon dioxide added to the atmosphere but climate change would still be a thing infact without human-caused warming we'd about due for an ice age right now if we never been around the planets would be a very different place today or would it evolution can verges on similar solutions to similar problems like insects dinasours and mammals all evolved wings even though their common ancestors was probably some worm-like thing that lived in the ocean flying is awesome and things that evolved flight are usually awesome serving so what else is awesome big brains symbolic thought find tool-making evolving these things allows a creatures to understand and change it's environment now it's not like all of a sudden birds would just evolve some hyper intelligent civilization if there were no humans arround but a hundred thousand years ago there were other creatures that very well could likebthr neanderthals living in europe or home erectus in asia without homosapiens arround there might have been a huge opportunity for one of our evolutionary cousins to step up may be neanderyhals would discover agriculture build cities and go to the moon the point is intelligence tool -making and culture ard natural adaptations like wings eyes or that little dangly light thing that those creepy fish that live in the deep havevthere's no reasons to think that otherbor ganism would not develop them it they fared a similae set of evolution challenges so even though earth without us would definately be different it might be more fimilae than we think

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Three problems computers will never solve

Three problems computers will never solve

Modern computers seem like they can do just about anything but is that true are where problems that computers  jusy cannot solve i don't mean like willl computers never feed the world or tell those a joke  as  knows  other things we actually know for certain that computers will never be able do turns out yeah will  a computer program runforce or willl it eventually  stop it may seem like a simple question and for some  tyoe of  programs it's simple to answer yes or ni but there's no fool proof method that can make any given program and always tell you wheather it will keep running eventually stops this is known as the halting problems and in 1936 british mathematician alan turing proved that it was undecjdable a question no computer could ever answer to do that he had to invent the idea of a turing machine a theoretical device that reads instruction off of paper tape and computer according to a few simple rules turing showed that turing machines could never solve the halting problems and since every modern computers is basically a turing machine they can not either the reason you can carry arround tons of photos on your phone is compression  allows computerers take a photo or music or video file and make it smaller without reducing the quality but how small can a actually get turns out it's impossible to no compression depend on  how complex a file is so far example this sequenceof letter(abcdefg ) is less complex than this sequence (c4fivyno8jo9h) because we can find  a way to compress it into a statement that uses fewer letters in the original but this one can't really be simplyfied any  further this measure how simpler or complex something is called kolmogorov complexity and like the halting problemd it's undecidable which means you can neve have a program that can perfectly compressany given file these are called way tiles you arrange them on a grid like this to create solid colored squares any if you than do it so that all the edge of colour match on out to infinity that's called tilling the plane so the question is will any given set of long tiles tile the plane by now you can probably  guess the answer is there no way to know there can be  no method that can take any given set and decide whether or not it tiles the plane and since there's no method  there can alsk be no computer program to solve it  if's not just like these three problem would i do not know take longer than the lofe of the universe to compute to solve them a computer would have to an infinite number of steps in a finite time and no one knows if that's even physically possible to do but there is a project underway right now to find out and if it suceeds we might find ourselves on the verge of a whole new era of computing

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Is your mind is normal

Is your mind is normal
Everyone has weird thought or strange habits so how do you know if you are normal maybe you forget people's names all the time and you're worried  about your memory or you think about sex a lot and wonder if there's something wrong with you the human brain is complex and mysterious but we are starting to find but more about our mental quirks like some estimates say we spend 50 percent of our waking lives simply spacing out but is that a bad thing brain scans have shown that when your mind wander a group of neural regions across the brain called the defult network activate some think the defult network is what the brain uses to form memories and link togather concepts for a long time we beleived that if we were having trouble solving a problem we just needed to concentrate harder which activates regions of our brain associated with self conted but while that maywork for problems that have well -defined solution studies of problem solving have show that if what you needis a creative solution you might just want to zone out for a bit and just having a wondering mind doesn't you've lost it having obsession can be prefectly healthy as well especially if you're toddler children  betweem the ages of 2 and 4 often follow seemingly nonsensical rituals like counting the steps on stairs or requiring that you observe the proper protocols when it comes time for bed some psycologists think this may be related to how toddlers deal with a world that for them gets bigger every day and over which they have very little control but when we grow up uncertainty and stress don't exactly  go away so even for adults rituals the recession can br perfectly healthy way to just deal the bottom line is that every brain has quirks but a lot of those quirks may not be weird at all now when your wandering mind or obsession start to interfere with your daily life that may be a problem but otherwise when it comes to brains there's no such thing as normal

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Information: Three mysteries of human evolutionModern scienti...

Information: Three mysteries of human evolution
Modern  scienti...: Three mysteries of human evolution Modern  scientists has given  us a preety good understanding of some crazy stuff like how the sun work...

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Three mysteries of human evolution

Three mysteries of human evolution

Modern  scientists has given  us a preety good understanding of some crazy stuff like how the sun works and even how  the universebgot started but it turns out where's lot we don't know about a subject that you'd think we'd br preety familar with bybnow ourselvessure we've got a rough idea of how we got where but there's still some big mysteries to unravel if we ever want to understand how we become human walking an two legs is so characteristically human you think we'd  know why we do it but the truth is we're still not sure darwin said bipedalism give us the advantage by freeing our hands to make and use to us but fossile suggest that can't be the oldest tools data to arround 2.6 million years ago but our homid ancestors started walking upright almost 2 million years before that so if not the free hands than what some think walking upright allowed early hominins to better spot predators otherpoint out that walking on two legs allows us to travel farther faster giving us larger territor's to roam it doesn't have to be one or the other though walking upright may have had a whole set of advantages that gave our ancestors the edge now walking on two legs has obvious advantages but being naked does not nearly all mammals have fur and for good reason we spend a lotbof energy heating ourselves and we don't want to go to waste so what gives one idea is that we lost our fur during a phase of our evolution where we lived mainly in water like whales and dolphines as intriguing as this aquatic ape hypothesis in there's not much in the way of fossil evidence to support it another thoery says we lost our fur when our ancestor ditched the forests to hang out on the savana arround 1.7 million years ago over heating would have been a real danger to thosewith less fur might have had  a better shot at survival but plenty of animals on the savana kept their fur so it's clear this mystery yet to be solved being naked and bipedal  is cool and all but what really sets us apart is our upgradedbgrey matter our brains are twice as heavy as you might expect for an ape of our size so why did we get the smarts while other open did notbsomething it's due to a single mutation that weakended our ancestors bite muscles this reduced the force across our skull allowing them to ballon out filling with brain more brains means we could better find in ration food and invent new tecnology but the biggest driver of big brains was most likely ourselves keeping tabs on your place in the social structure would seem to rewardvthose with more brain power in fact fossil indicates that proxies for social pressure like group size and living density rather than environment pressure were more closely associated with larger brain in our ancestors the thing is though we homesapiens are not the only animal to walk on two legs lose our fur or have decent -sized brains for tens of thousands of years we walked the planet with at least four other type of hominins and we all shared rougly similar traits there new extinct but we remain why this could be the biggest mystery of all it's only getting more mysterious as we find more and more member of the hominin family tree so it's likely wall still be pondering why we are the way we for along time to come

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SCIENCE WHAT IS SCIENCE DEFINE SCIENCE DEFINATION AND MEANING

                           SCIENCE
WHAT IS SCIENCE  DEFINE SCIENCE DEFINATION AND MEANING
Science can be defined as the process of observing and questioning the world arround us we also sometime call the things we learn through experimentation science infact the term science itself  comes from a latin word what means knowledge and the names of many branches of science end with ology which means study of in greek scientists aim to gain new knowledge through a discipline set of steps called the scientific method the scientific method consists of asking a question proposing a possible solution called a hypothesis testing the hypothesis through a series of experiments examining the result of the experiments to see if the hypothesis has been supported or refuted and term proposing a new question or a new hypothesis scientists can specialize in one of hundred of different fields all which focus on different types of knowledge for example
Physical Science
Knowledge for example physical sciences like chemistry and physics examine the laws of nature they are considered to be fundamental sciences because everything in the universe obeys these natural laws astronomers physicists and engineers study physical scienced issac newton 

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PLASTIC BAGS EFFECT ENVIRONMENT WHAR WOULD YOU DO ,IT YOU KNEW

PLASTIC BAGS EFFECT ENVIRONMENT
WHAR WOULD YOU DO ,IT YOU KNEW –
(1)Annually we consume from 500 million to a trillion plastic bags worldwide which breaks
Down to almost one million  bags every minute
(2) It is estimated that every  square mile of the ocean  has 46,000peaces of plastic in it
(3) these  plastics don’t biodegrade they breakdown into smaller  more toxic Micro plastics
(4) these micro plastics   can easily be mistaken for an organism’s meal
(5) only 12% of plastic bags are sent to the recycling plants only 1% actually gets recycled
(                            WOULD YOU CHANGE THIS
I propose we replace our plastic bags with more reusable and durable bags

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Does infinity exist in the real world

Does infinity exist in the real world
Does infinity really exist or it just sort of fun to think about but is not really a thing i mean let's you had an infinite bag of patato chips it's never empty right you can always just have one more and let's say that every tenth chil is one of those overcooked ones that taste albert and awesome it seems like there's way fewer of those than the regular chips right well if you start counting you can match them up the first regular chip with the first burnt chip the second regular chip with the second third chip the million regular chip with the million burnt chip because it's infinite bag for every regular chip you can find a burnt chip which means in a sense there's the same number of each kind and that is just ah how can they be the same it makes you think infinite might be kind of bogus sure may be it makes perfect sense in the abstract land math but doed it have anything to di witb reality because no one has ever seen or measured something infinite sure you can set up two mirrors across from each other and stand in between them and you'll see what look like infinite copies of yourself but that's just an illusion right there's not really infinity of you it's just a bumch of reflection if there really were infinity of you'd need an infinitlly huge universe in which to live and no one knows how big the actual universe really is but the part we know exists has a finite size that does not infinity is impossible though  because it canalso be really small as you shirk down infinity lets you split up space as much as you like meaning for any two points can always find a new point in between sort of like a rubber band so even a finite distance might have infinite points in betweem but we don't know that you acutally can split up space forever eventually you might hit a limit where space become more like a bunch of little tiny squares or cubes sort of like the pixels on a computer screen except instead of each square having a different color it just has information about the field or particles hardik that seems weird tol but in 1970 stephrn hawking and other snowed that a given volume of space contains a finite amount of information and that means people can estimate the maximum amount of information the entire known universe can hold 10 to the 120 second bits that's insanely huge but not infinite so if the amount of information the universe can hold is limited does that mean ther's a biggest number we know therw's cosmic speed limit the speed of light why not a cosmic number limit what's totally weored idea but then again what's the alternative infinity

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Why machines don't think like humans

Why machines don't think like humans
For asking we've had computers we're tried to make machines that think the way do what it's not real like you can just write a program with a few simple rules and all of a sudden you have some crazy smart artifical intelligence that can recommended the perfect movie to distract us while it invitably takes over the world because well for one we don't really know what those rules would be but even if we cannot make a machine that thinks the way we do we can make machines that solve many of the same problems we can so how does that work well it boils down to probablity let's say you have a brand -new bbaby robot and it knows nothing about the world at the end of its first day the rabot watches the sunset but it doesnot know anything so it's not sure if the sun is going to rise again it takes a guess 50/50 the sun has an equal chance of coming up or not coming up to keep track of its guests it puts a white marble and a black marble into a jar to the rabot the odds of random'y picking the white marbles are the same as the odds of the sun coming up morning comes the sun rises and the robot realizes that may be the sun comes up more often then not so it puts another white marble into the jar now the chances of randomly picking a white marble are better than the chances of picking a black marble the sun keeps rising each day and thr robot keep putting white marbles into the jar after hundred days the robot has 99 white marbles and only one black marble it's 99 percent sure the sun will come up  tommrow but it has no idea why the robot does'nt know that the sun is a gaint fairball that more or less stays fixed in space while the earth rotates all it knows is that each time the sun does actually rise the odds that it will contimue to come up get better and since its predictions are accurate no more really cares about how it actually got them our eye are just more complicated versions of this baby robat only instead of predicting whether or not the sun will come up they use massive amounts of data to figure out which genes are associated with cancer or recognize the faces in that photo you just like an AIS can do these things say better than any human even though we may not know the detail of how theu actually works so we're still a long way from building machines that think the way we do but that may not actually matter our thinking machines don't have to think like us

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Why do we live in 3dimension?

Why do we live in 3dimension?

Of all the ways  reality can be why do we live in three dimensions insteaad of i don't  know two or four or 1.8 like it's okay us to move back and forth left and right or up and down but not hyper up or hyperdown why is that is there something special about three dimensiond well the easy answer is that we evolved to live in a three dimensional universebso that's the universe we perceive if the universe had been two dimensional then we would also be two dimensional same with four dimensional but so far as explainations go that kind of suck it just basically says iff the universe were anyother way than the way it is then would be different luckily there's another way  to look at it it might seem like spaces with higher or lower dimension are all kind of the same but some things in three dimensions are weird like rotations in two dimensions you can twist things clockwise or counterclockwise and that's it and if you twist something a quartar turn clockwise and then a half turn counterclockwise you get the same  thing you'd get if you if did turns in the opposite order but in three dimensions doing the same two rotations in a different order gives  gives different results and thing like gravity behave differantly in different kinds of space -like in three dimensional the strength of gravity beetween two massive objects depend on the distamce between them squard in two dimensions it just depend on the distance but in four dimensiom gravity depend on the distance cubed whay that means is that the universe were two  dimensional gravity as wr know  it would be too strong for things like solar system to form and in a 4 D universe gravity would be too weak it's only in 3d universe that gravity is the right strength for things like suns and planets and question asking monkeys to evolve now that does just shift the question from why is our universe 3d -why do 3D universe have the right gravity for us to exist but the fact that thing work differently in three dimensions rather than two or four hints it's something deeper space might not be the most fundamental thing in the universe instead it may  emerge from some deeler process like maybe mathematical laws of  quantum mechanics or even the rule of pure information and it's entirely possible  that space is not really a thing it could be an idea we humans use to keep  track of the relationships between different objects while the actual truth of thr universe is beyond our comprejension at least for now
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Are we handwired to beleive in god

    Are  we handwired to beleive in god
Some  say we are born beleives but one out of every eight people in the world today is an atheist and that number is rising i mean look at eastet it started as a pegan party for the gddess of spring turnedbinto a celebration of an undeadbprophet and a large magical rabbit hides plastiv eggs filled with candy all over the yard right for the religiously inclined it may be tempting to beleive that these are the end times but are they really it would help we knew why human beleived in god in the first place one hypothesisis that duh god existsbtherefor we should beleive in him or her or orbit them but extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidences and let's just say the scientist literatures supporting god's existance has not exactly passed peer review  the evidence we do have points to the idea that our brain seem primed for religion over the milennic we 've evolved a numberbof mental quirks that makes it very easy for us to beleive for examplebback in the day humans were tastybsnack and if you heard a rusle in the bushes it was safer to assume it was  caused by a lion with a purpose to eat you ratherbthen the wind which literally could "not indiscreet such a large number of think our mind advanced to accept that things that occur on the planet have a reason and if that intention is secretive maybe a concealed super"
natural agent is at work in this viewvwe evolved the ability to beleive in god in much the same way we evolved the ability to use language we are not born with it but we are bore with  the ability to quickly learn it based on the particulars of the society in which we live  small hunter -gathersocieties have gods that make lightning and forest fire but don't really care about who has sec with whom while large sedentry civilization have gods that watch over human affairs and slight people that don't play by the rule the idea is that as a society is larger the harder it is for everyone to know which makes it easierbfor  people to steal cheat and gernerally be jerks to one anothers but if everyone believes in an all-seeing god their society tend to be more stable and prosperous what's weired is that nowdays the most stable and secure societies in the world have the lowest rule of religious beleif one possible reason is that once people fell safe they put god out of a jobbut then again maybe it's more like a vocation today we face existential  threats more secary then anything in human history in our innate desire to beleive in a higher purpose might just kick back in so while we may not need god to have a stable society odds are we are still gonna beleive in something
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Where are all the aliens

       Where are all the aliens
There are arrround 200 billion stars in our glaxy and tens of billion of those have palents that are kind of like earth so even if the odds of complex life occcuring on an earth -like  planets are one in a billion its likely we are not  alone so wherevis everybody well the galaxy is huge it takes light a hundred thousand years just to make it from one edge to the other and the fartest spaceship we can build would be lucky to reach even a tenth of a percent of the speed  of light so may be the aliens just have not arrived get but that's a little weired because the galaxy is really old so old that even a slow going alien civilzation would have had plenty of time to colonize the whole thing the first thing you need is a ship or at least a robot that can copy itself send two of those out to the nearest stars and when they arrive they all set up shop and make two more copies each repeat this process for a while and even if it takes hundreds of years to travel from one solar system to another it only take about ten milllion years to colonize every solar system in the galaxy campared to the 13 billion years that our galaxy has been arround that's nothing if tecnologically advanced aliens exist there should be evidence of them everywhere so why have not we found it well may be aliens don't exist  may be life really is so rare that only one  planet in a glaxy has it or may be civilzation just cannot  develop advanced technology without destroying  themselves or may be aliens really are everywhere and we just  do not know how to find or recognize them and that just underscores how  difficult the idea of alien life is we have to make assumption about what aliens would be like may be their carbon bay's need liqiud water anduse technology based on radio waves otherwise what do we look for but nothing the aliens have to be anything like us or even like anything we can conceive of before we meet them which means if we assume too much then we'all probably miss life that truly alien

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From waste to worth

              From waste to worth
There was a time we just  threw stuff away nowdays that does nott fell quite right we want to recycle or to review and scientists and engineer are finding surprising new ways to create value our rubbish  take unwanted beach plastic it's a mix of different types degraded by salt water recovered dirt and sand particles scientists and engineer at P and G terracycle and suez  developed a process to turn this waste into new shampoo boxes volunteers harvest the plastic and get sorted by type cleaned crushed and melted into pallets and sand wiched between layers of new plastic to create shampoo bottles just as strong as those made from virgin plastic and well discarded plastic is one kind of waste manufacturing process generate waste as well take nappies only parent will tell you that nappies are a wonder of modern engineer they contain sophisticated materials like supur absorbent polymer that soak up liqiud like a sponge Pand G scientists have  found a new life for leftover polymer materials in a surprising place china's gabi desert they turned  the super absorbing polymers into compost allowing farmers to plant trees an area that may only get rain once a year just like they do in nappies the powerl lock water into the soil keeping trees alive helping to prevent erosion and reclaimingla land in the desert all of this form a hubble nappy and the mindis of clever scientists people who look at a pile of rubbish and see a way to turn waste into worth you
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How can a single pill treat hiv?

           How can a single pill treat hiv?
Just a thirty years ago an hiv diagnososis 
Was perceived as a death sentance today it can be managed with just one pill once a day  how hiv is a virus that attacks t-cells or white blood cells that help fight infection and the hiv virus entres these t-cells and uses them like a factory to multiply eventually killing infected t-cells off completely when the body's t-cells camp falls below a certain level a person is considered to have full -blow AIDS this makesbthe body susceptible to all kinds of infections that can become fatal without  those infection fighting t-cells  soin the late 80s and 90s reseearchers developed a number of antiretroviral drugs that interrupt hiv replication at different stages of the virus's life cycle but when those treatments are used on their own hiv can become resistant to them that's because the imperfect but actually smart thing about hiv is that when it multiplies it can occasionally mutate making a slightly different veriation of itself and some of these variations are drug resistant so in 1995 reserchers tried a combination of three different antiretroviral therapies an approch known ad a triple cocktailit attacked hiv at different stages in the reproduction cycle not just the beginning and that makes the odds of an hiv virus becoming resistant to all three antivirals extremely low these combination therpies for thr first time turn what used to be preceived as a death sentance into a chronic condition but it also meam taking handfuls of pills a day for the rest of your life fast-forward a decade and scientists have managed to consolidate the triple cocktail into a daily pill because treatment adherence is so important in preventing drug resistance and maintaining very logical suppression one pill a day makes taking medication easier scientist continue to innovate to develop the treatment of tommrow

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What is information

What is information
We say there's information in the memory on our phone or in our our DNA sequence but just an idea we made up or imformation sometime  real like electrons squirrels like look at these  two boxes both have the same number of black squares but this one is just noise while this one contains information but an aliens say the same thinking if information is real it should exist no matter who's looking right kay so this next part is going to sound like it's not related out but it is imagine a box full of air air is really just a bunch of particles flying arround at different speeds if we add energy to the box those particles start moving faster and the temprature goes up one of the most Fundamental laws of physics says you cannot get energy out of the box unless you first add energy to it but physics physics let's put up a wall and a little tiny tiny door and a little tiny -tiny demon creature with a button that opens and closes the door if this demon knows which particle are moving faster it can open the door just right time to let them through and over time one side will get hotter in the other colder and you can use  that tempraturedifference to do coll stuff like create electricity basically that little demon lets you get energy out of the box for the free breaking the most fundamental laws of physics or does it if information is really  just in our minds then yeah  this is  totally impossible  but how does  the demon keep track of the particles he needs memory it turns out that keeping  his memory up to date  with new information takes energy  infact it's  the same amount of  energy that you get out of the box so the's not actually breaking  the laws of physics but what  instead of giving  the demon energy  to update his memory we just give him new unused memory he could use it to track  the particle opeb the door at the right  time and get energy out of the box does that mean we are getting energy for free welll no we still have to feed the demon just  with memoral instead of energy this might all seem hypothrtical the physicists have actually made a very simple version of maxwell demom in thr laboratory  and they used it to change the tempraturevof electrons using nothing but information and that maked it seem like information is not just something  oue stupid monkey brains  made up it's  thing that converts the randomchaos of gas in a box into something useful kind of like how the information in DNA is the thing that makes a bunch of random molecules into a squirrel information  is a catalyst that can  bring order to chaos if it's  not real  than neither are we   
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wonders that science can't clarify

         wonders that science can't clarify 

Hi everybody what we need to discover the response to an intresting question we as a rule ask scientientists right yet there are numerous secretive wonders with no answer at all for the present at any rate intoday's blog we will keep in touch with you six inexplicablr marvels prepare to be surprized ' how about we get it on people and dark gaps we should discuss a baffling marvel known as dark openings you've probaly effectively found out about them yet what will happen in the event that you fall into a dark gap presumably you think all of you be attacked pieces however physicists beleive that the outcomr is somewhat more muddled than that researchers have attempted futile to fathom this confuse yet until further notice ther's no last response to this issue a few researchers trust that on the off chance that you answer a dark gap Reality will be separated in two out of one reality all of you be quickly wiped out from the universe however in the other reality you alll submerge into the dark old absolutely safe yet by what method would that be able to we how about we assume we are the ones falling into the dark gap in the event that we take a gander at the circumstance frame our perspective then we willfellan huge pullof gravity while flying into the unknownas a tremendous speed at last this power will enought to extend our body and length to a few mile would you be able to envision thar toward the end our remain will fall into the focal point of the dark gap and will change into a beam of light yet in the event that we take a gander at the circumstance from a pariah's view point the situatiom is very extraordinary inside a dark opening the laws of material science don't work and time gets contorted and backs off so our rash trip to obscure ends up being a moderate plunge and it will get slower and slower the closer we get to the focal point of the dark gap shockingly for the present we can't recognize what might happen on the off chance that we fell into a dark gap researchers can just hypothetically comprehend this baffle we'are likely some time or another they will concoct a last response for SIBO impact have you at any point caught wind of the misleading impact it's really one of the strangest and most cloud wonders on the planet it may sound odd yet it fundamentally states
2 trust framework 


That individuals can get over ailment just by believving that they will show signs of improvement inotherword we deceive ourselves and we begin ti recoup this simply one more affirmation that cerebrum is an extremely powerfull organ to demonstrate the existance of the misleading impact researchers have lee did diverse investigations in one of them individuals experience the ill effects of serious discouragement pills and the patients began to improve sooner or later it was uncovered to them that the medications were really not genuine and you may imagine that constructive outcomes of these phony pills got diminished or all of a sudden vanished right well that really did not occur the impact of the medications remained and numerous patients chose to continue taking the phony pills the researchers were stunned might be later on specialists will give sugar pills or vision inC and the rest will be up
3)to us bovine cimpass 


Presently we should discuss cunning creatures as you most likely know numerous fowls bugs And even well evolved creatures have a settled development course and now bovines and bulls have gone along with them a gathering of checkered german researchers chose to consider cow's conduct it resembled a weired subject for an examination right however for a long time ranchers paid considerations were extremely intresting certainty these animals take after quite certain examples while shaping their rush the meticukous researchers contemplated satellite pictures which can really be found on the web in the event that you are intrigued and discovered that dairy animals and bulls in the wild for the most part make a trip from north to south authorities believr that the purpose for this conduct isn't the causal love for the sun neither their craving to withstand wind streams yet why cows act like that is something despite everything we don't know given a cow's understanding compass has not been completely examined
4 )Infectious yawning the following marvel is regular to every one of the perusers and every other person out there we are looking at yawning and better believe it yawning can be more infectious than seasonal influenza in the event that you see a man yawning then you are likely on to somepeople even your mind perusing about it have you yawned as of now and we do everything day we do yawns when we wake up before going to bed it's a silly power that tails us wherever regardless of whether we attempt to aviod it yet for what reason do we yawn when we see another person yawning some say that it's our cerebrum disclosing to us that ther's an absence of oxygen in our body as it were when websee a man your respect our cerebrum comprehends that the level of oxygen noticeable all around is low and something must be done ASAP when we inhale profoundly and gradually a major measures of oxygen entres the body that way yawning awakens ther's another not less intriguing renditions to clarify this wonder therapists beleive that yawning is infectious principally individual are fit for sympathizing with others and understanding their felling yet these are simply theories and nobody truly knowsvwhy this happen so allows all have a neighborly yawn and keep on   

5)why elephants and whales once in a while experience the ill effects of growth this may sound a however interesting yet how about we discuss creature wellbeing malignancy is a tarriblr ailment that has been found in people as well as in animald neverless there are creature that arebimmune to this ailment oddly enough some of them are colossal animals like elephants and whales you presumably realize that disease starts in the cels where some instrument begin to bomb therefor it you have a body with numerous cells there are more odds of some of them flopping yet notwithstanding their size and life expectancy elephants and whales experience the ill effects of disease not as much as different creatures enormous long living creatures have additional system that assistance them battle slippery tumors in their bodies because of differebt examines researchers have found that method for miltants have 30 or 40 sets of extracells that are utilized to aviod the advancement of deficient cells and regardless of whether a cellstarts to fall flat the extracells ensure the living being while the pointless cells are kicked out from it too awful people don't have such a superpower yet don't stress researchers are taking a shot at it
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